Substitution (stage 2) strategies focus on the replacement of one practice, characteristic or process by another, or the development of a parallel practice or process in opposition to one identified as inadequate. At the substitution phase are new organizational arrangements, the substitution of processes and practices, and consistent with Geels (2011), alternative / niche activity introduced of the dominant flow of change. What instruments might move firms from efficiency measures to this stage? At this stage, advocates must be careful not to install infrastructure that will not be used at the redesign stage.
Click on the Goal below if you'd like to see the Substitution stage strategies associated with it.
Goal 1 Enough
Income support and security architecture, policies and programmes (including First Nations)
Housing (including First Nations)
Self-provisioning (public and private spaces and supports for non-commercial food production, hunting and fishing, access to traditional foods for First Nations)
Breastfeeding promotion
Equitable access to the food distribution system, retail and alternative food projects
Goal 2 Supply
Goal 3 Service
Integrating food into educational processes
Integrating food into public institutions and spaces, including schools
Reducing corporate concentration and broadening ownership of food system resources (including land)
Public control of food resources
Goal 4 Safe
Food system, processing and farm designs to optimize food quality and eliminate contaminants
Pesticide, fertilizer, veterinary product and genetic engineering approvals
Goal 5 Resources
Aboriginal food production
Sustainable food and aquaculture production, processing and consumption
Agricultural land protection
Energy efficiency
Protecting genetic resources
Food waste reduction
Municipal organic waste and sewage sludge management
Goal 6 Income
Improve Business Risk Management (BRM) programmes
Support for small and medium enterprise (SME) processing in rural communities
Goal 7 Participation
Structures and processes for regulatory pluralism and changes to the loci of decision making
Goal 8 Work
New farmer programmes and rural development
Labour force development
Goal 9 Culture
Food and culture
Food and body image
Food and community building
Goal 10 International
Food aid and development assistance
International conventions and treaties
